The phrase "the birds and the bees" is a term used to explain the mechanics of reproduction to younger children, relying on the imagery of bees pollinating and eggs hatching to substitute for a more technical explanation of sexual intercourse. It is a way of deflecting the inevitable question that every parent dreads: "Where do babies come from?" and it is an alternative to the explanation that the stork delivers babies.
It is uncertain when the phrase was first used or how it gained popularity. It does not necessarily mean that parents are explaining how birds and bees reproduce. The connection between human sexuality and eggs and pollination is vague, which can cause some confusion among curious children.
Though there are some variations, the story typically involves bees pollinating flowers, symbolizing male fertilization, and the birds laying eggs, which equates to female ovulation. In another telling of the story, a baby is created when a bee stings a bird.
Literary and musical references
There are quite a few allusions to the phrase in literature and song. One of the early references to this bird and bees as a euphemism for reproduction is Samuel Taylor Coleridge's 1825 poem, "Work Without Hope (opens in new tab)":
"All Nature seems at work. Slugs leave their lair —
The bees are stirring — birds are on the wing —
And Winter, slumbering in the open air,
Wears on his smiling face a dream of Spring!
And I, the while, the sole unbusy thing,
Nor honey make, nor pair, nor build, nor sing."
Another commonly cited use of the phrase is American naturalist John Burroughs' 1875 set of essays, "Birds and Bees, Sharp Eyes and other Papers (opens in new tab)." These were attempts to provide children with simple explanations of nature, but there is no attempt at sex education.
Dr. Emma Frances Angell Drake described the birds and bees in a section of the publication "The Story of Life," which was widely distributed between 1893 and 1930. In her explanation of reproduction to her young daughters, she used images of blue eggs in the robin's nest, the wind blowing pollen dust from one plant to the other, and bees gathering honey from the flowers.
A more direct reference can be found in Cole Porter's lyrics (opens in new tab) to the 1928 song "Let's Do It."
"It is nature, that’s all
Simply telling us to fall in love
And that's why birds do it, bees do it
Even educated fleas do it
Let's do it, let's fall in love"
The phrase also appeared in a 1939 issue of the "Freeport Journal Standard": "A Frenchman was born sophisticated: he knows about the birds and the bees. In consequence, French films are made on a basis of artistic understanding that does not hamper the story."
A more modern reference to the phrase occurred on "The Simpsons." episode Homer vs. Patty and Selma, first broadcast in 1995, according to Phrases.org.uk. (opens in new tab) The episode includes a scene has 10-year-old Bart Simpson remarking to his friend Milhouse, "The Sun is out, birds are singing, bees are trying to have sex with them — as is my understanding ..."
Additional resources
Read more about the history of the phrase “the birds and the bees” with this article from World Histories (opens in new tab). Explore an age-by-age guide to teaching kids about the birds and the bees with this informative article from Family Education. (opens in new tab) Check out five of the best books for explaining the birds and the bees with this article from Maternity & Infant Family (opens in new tab).
Bibliography
- Kathleen Kelleher, Los Angeles Times, " Birds Do It, Bees Do It, but Why'd We Say That? (opens in new tab)". 2000.
- Gary Martin, Phrase Finder "The birds and the bees", Phrases.org.uk (opens in new tab).
- Burroughs, John. Birds and Bees: Sharp Eyes, and Other Papers. (opens in new tab) Vol. 1. Houghton, Mifflin and Company, 1887.
- Davidson, Graham. "Coleridge:" work without hope (opens in new tab)". The Wordsworth Circle 45.1 (2014): 21-29.
- Amy Lang’s Birds and Bees and Kids. (opens in new tab) Tips and tools to start the sex talks.